5 Most Common Maple Varieties in North America

Acer  sp. is the  genus of trees or shrubs commonly known as the maples. Maples are classified in a family of their own, the Aceraceae, and  there are approximately 125 species worldwide. The word Acer is derived from a Latin word meaning sharp, and the name refers to the characteristic points on the leaf lobes. The maple tree is the national arboreal emblem of Canada.   There are actually twelve native maples found in North America, but only five are commonly seen across most of the continent. The other seven that occur regionally are black maple, mountain maple, striped maple, bigleaf maple, chalk maple, canyon maple, Rocky Mountain  maple, vine maple, and Florida maple. Your chances of seeing a native maple are good in both the urban landscape and in the forest. With few exceptions (Norway and Japanese maples are exotics) you will find these native maples and their cultivars in profusion. Common North American Maple Species Sugar maple  or Acer saccharum.  The star of eastern North American fall foliage viewing and principle source of maple syrup. It normally grows 80 to 110 feet in height, but 150-foot specimens have been known. Compared to other maples, sugar maples color unevenly in the fall; sometimes yellows, oranges, and reds are all seen at the same time.  Red maple  or Acer rubrum. The most widespread maple in eastern North America and ubiquitous  in both the urban and forest landscape. It normally grows to a mature height of about 50 feet. It is a very popular landscape tree but is considered invasive in some forests, where it crowds out native oaks. The upper side of the leaves is green, with the lower side silverish in color. In older trees, the bark is very dark. Fall color is usually a deep red, though some trees may exhibit orange or yellow.  Silver maple  or Acer  saccharinum.  A fast-growing maple used largely as a shade tree, but with problems. This maple is brittle an d subject to breakage. The roots shallow and can cause property damage. At maturity, it may be 80 feet tall. The underside of the leaves is a soft silver in color; fall color is usually a pale yellow.  Boxelder  or Acer negundo  - The most common maple sp. in mid-western North America, and the only maple with pinnately compound leaves. Boxelder has the largest range of all North American maples. It is a fast-growing but short-lived maple, and in favorable conditions, it may grow as much as 80 feet in height. Leaves turn yellow in the fall.  Bigleaf  or Acer macrophyllum.  Restricted to the Pacific Coast, this tree is the most massive of North American maples. It can grow to be 150 feet tall or more, but more typically tops out at 50 to 65 feet in height. In fall, the leaves turn golden yellow.   General Identification Tips The deciduous leaves on all maples are arranged on stems  opposite  each other. The leaves are simple and palmate shaped on most species, with three or five main veins radiating from the leafstalk. The leafstalks are long and often as long a the leaf itself. The boxelder alone has compound leaves, with multiple leaves radiating from the leafstalk.   Maples have small flowers that are not very showy and form in droopy clusters. The fruit is winged key seeds (called  double  samaras) and develops early in the spring. Very visible are the redbuds and new red stems on red maple. Maples have bark that is generally gray but variable in form. Good identifiers of maples in dormancy are: Crescent-shaped leaf scars with three bundle scarsA terminal bud that is egg-shaped and slightly larger than the lateral buds on the branchStipule scars are absent  Opposite leaf and twigs

Essay on Security Issues of Ambient Networks - 2196 Words

In this essay we will present security issues of a networking concept referred to as ambient networks, which aims to enable the cooperation of heterogeneous networks belonging to different operator or technology domains. In this way, it appears as homogeneous to the users of the network services. Providing security in ambient networks is a huge challenge. The main reason is that the traditional security model is not valid anymore. Traditional security assumes that there is a vulnerable channel between communicating parties, where eavesdropping, modification of messages or denial of service attacks can occur. But it also assumes that the sender and receiver operate in some form of secure environment. Hence all models of attacks focus on†¦show more content†¦Besides it should be almost invisible and moreover it should be nowhere unless we need it. Figure 1 shows an overview of the Ambient Information Network. The flow of information through this network is controlled by proprietary server software built using best-of-breed network software technologies and is currently deployed on a server farm in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Ambient has partnerships with many content providers who generate high-volume content feeds describing a wide variety of types of information, including weather observations, weather predictions, auto traffic patterns, stock market performance, electricity market performance, astronomical data, personal bank account data, ski resort reports, and many others. Our central server records millions of individual pieces of content each day and greatly compresses and aggregates it so that it can be efficiently and economically transmitted over the long-range Flexâ„ ¢ paging network. Figure 1: Ambient Information Network Overview II. 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The Driving Age Should Be Raised to 18 Free Essays

The Driving age should be raised to 18 Since people have changed, some driving laws ought to change as well. The Department of Motor Vehicles must Observe and Acclimate unto the Motor Vehicle’s Operators with Revisions. While observing, DMV will find that many drivers treat their vehicles like mini living rooms and have mocked the customs and values of driving and they ought not to tempt children to do the same. We will write a custom essay sample on The Driving Age Should Be Raised to 18 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Many drivers observe people driving while eating, text messaging and watching videos. â€Å"10 percent of drivers aged 14 to 24 years old are on their phone at any time. (NHTSA, Insurance Institute for Highway Safety) To adapt unto this grave temptation of drivers is to mandate the legal age to 18 years old. I have been driving for 33 years and I was 16 years old when I was given a legal permit to drive a motor vehicle. Nevertheless, in 1979 the phones were in the living rooms, kitchen walls and the bedrooms of our houses. We as â€Å"Baby Boomers† did extremely well, while driving with the customs and values of being â€Å"An Motor Operator. † There weren’t many distractions of our own. It was a practice of being attentive with other motorists which made it immeasurably easier to drive safer. It was also and always a predictable effect as well when we smiled at the other motorists. We had conceived a good sense of motivation and inspiration, not road rage. I can recall the time when I was driving and had an a pair of encounters with the parents of two of my friends while crossing each other at an intersection upon separate occasions when in both instances, the parents conceived inspiration from my attentiveness, smile and a kindly wave. Months later, I was a passenger in both of my friend’s new car. With this calling to mind, underage drivers were adequately allowed to drive, because people were adequate drivers. People were not treating their cars like mini living rooms. DMV should take the stand upon this issue, because many parents feel proud and dedicated to allowing their children to drive. Many will allow them because they themselves starting driving at the tender age of 16. Consequently, with today’s unprincipled driving practices of unsafe drivers, DMV should adhere unto the fact that â€Å"The number one source of driver inattention is use of a wireless device. † (Virginia Tech/NHTSA) Just a week ago, I took interest to observe closely my associated-by-default-drivers coming home from work in the rush hours of the day and noticed 6 out of 10 motorists were unsafely driving while eating, texting or video watching. Who would want their child to drive like them or drive besides them? Only proud parents I presume. Another case in point, is that under-aged drivers do drive with heavy duty vehicles, such as Tractor-trailers weighing over 80,000 + pounds and from my encounters from 2007 through 2008, when I was driving a heavy loaded cab-over tractor double trailer tomato truck. I was generally in the right lane most of the time and had numerous encounters with young drivers entering the on-ramp driving like Mickey and Minnie Mouse scurrying casually upon the ramp. On one occasion, a young teen was text messaging or perhaps dialing a number. Another occasion, I remember a car load of teens were excitingly viewing a video of interest. And another occasion, I’d encountered a young boy reclining in his car seat like he was in a concert listening unto his stereo. On all occasions, I had to rapidly down shift gears and with gear in neutral, I revved up the accelerator in order to create a loud sound effect to get their attention. Every time, they either dropped their cell phone, stopped watching their video or sat up straight from their reclining seat and accelerated like they should’ve done with a 55 mph heavy truck. Each of those times, I exhaled a great sign of relief. Not because of my wrong doing, I was rightfully in my lane, but because I will have to take out my fire extinguisher and assist with their calamity. A child’s at that. My heart is heavy with concern from this recollection. Some driving laws ought to change. A lot of drivers have changed dramatically over the years. There are drastically too many unethical driving practices for the young and innocent to be exposed to. Therefore, the driving age should be raised to 18. Children ought to be exposed unto the wonders and the beauty of the world, not to be imperiled by the vulnerabilities of them, by driving in this age and time. I shall not speak a thousand words to convey that a lot of drivers have changed for the worst and a revised law will surely help change the minds of proud and dedicated parents by raising the age limit to 18 years of age to operate a motor vehicle. How to cite The Driving Age Should Be Raised to 18, Papers

Business Structure

Question: write your summary of legal, regulatory licensing issues for your business. Answer: Choosing a business structure One of the first things you will need to do is to decide on the business structure that best suits your needs. Your options range from sole proprietorships, to partnerships, to limited or incorporated companies, to co-operatives. A lawyer can help you choose the correct form of business structure, based on the number of people involved, the type of business, any tax issues or liability concerns and the financial requirements.Your lawyer can also help you draw up the necessary legal documents that set out the terms of any partnership or other shared ownership. This will help ensure that all parties will be treated fairly, and that there is a mechanism for handling any disputes or disagreements.Buying an existing businessIf you wish to buy an existing business, you may have to decide whether to buy only the assets of the business or, in the case of an incorporated company, the shares of that company. With any business purchase, you should have a buy-and-sell agreement, signed by both p arties, that spells out the demands and obligations of each, as well as the terms of the agreement (for example, non-competition provision).Leasing commercial space You may be inclined to begin by taking out a lease for your premises. However, leases can be one of your largest expenses. Make sure that your lease will be suitable to your business needs, in case you wish to break your lease or expand your business. A lawyer can give you advice on any pitfalls or costs that may be incurred, before you sign on the dotted line. Choosing and setting up a locationTrying to decide where to locate your business and how to arrange it once you get there? Consider your options. Signing a commercial leaseTo ensure your business needs are met, be aware of the many things you need to consider when negotiating a commercial lease.Drawing up contracts and agreementsYou may want to get the advice of a lawyer when you are drawing up legal contracts and agreements in areas such as: Licensing Franchising Employment Subcontracting Partnership, incorporation or shareholders Leasing Purchasing or obtaining a mortgage This is not a comprehensive list. At a minimum, it is advisable to contact a lawyer before you sign any contract.Seeking equity financingIf you plan to seek equity financing for your business, it is important to contact a lawyer to help you draw up the terms of the shareholder agreement and/or to review the legal documents provided by a potential investor. Your lawyer can also help you assess the impact of any new shareholder agreement on other obligations and existing contracts with employees, suppliers or financial institutions. Accessing equity financingLearn how to plan for and negotiate a deal with potential investors in order to obtain equity financing for your business.Other issues requiring legal adviceThere may be other situations where you need to seek the advice of a lawyer in order to determine the best course of action. These include: Environmental complaints or concerns Employee problems or conflicts Disagreements between business partners Business closure Protection of intellectual propertyAnytime you are unsure about the legality of something, or if the legality of your business practices is questioned, you should be sure to get the advice of a lawyer.If you have used a lawyer before, he or she may be able to refer you to a business lawyer, one who specializes in small business start-ups. Ask your business associates, friends and family for references of law firms they have used and received satisfactory services from in the past.Take the time to search for the expertise needed for your business. Make a list of potential lawyers you wish to meet. Some lawyers may offer a free, first-time consultation to establish expectations on both sides and evaluate a potential working relationship.Make sure you understand your lawyer's billing practices. If you think it may be a little while before revenue comes in to your business, you will have to make arrangements with your lawyer ahead of time.PrivacyWhen you do business with a customer over the Internet , you often collect information that can potentially be useful outside of the transaction. If you use any of that information in a way which can be linked back to the customer and without the customer's knowledge or consent, you are violating their privacy rights. It is up to you to properly destroy that information or to keep it secure. Privacy and your businessIf you collect, use or disclose personal information about individuals, you need to understand your privacy obligations.4.Privacy policyIn addition to the way privacy laws apply in the offline world, there are some things to think about when dealing with the Internet and e-business.You should fully understand how your business carries out relevant privacy law requirements. If you collect personal information via your website, you should develop a proper and legally compliant privacy policy and post it in a readily visible location on your website. If you use Web cookies or similar identifiers to track visitors, you will prob ably want to let visitors know by posting a policy on the website. Depending on the circumstances, you may need to get consent before profiling someone online.Keep in mind that some people do look for privacy policies and might not want to do business with you if you do not have one in place. A properly drafted privacy policy or statement will not only minimize your legal risk, it can serve a marketing function as well, allowing you to attract and retain customers who you are looking for security.If you create a policy, follow it precisely. Failing to do so is an invitation for disaster, including not only possible legal problems, but also injury to your reputation and goodwill.It is important to review the policy even after it has been posted. It should be revisited regularly to determine whether or not it is still accurate and to evaluate whether or not it should be revised according to your business goals and objectives.5.Credit and debit card handling Your e-commerce business depends on trust between you and your customers. Violating that trust can have disastrous effects, not only on you, but on your partners in e-commerce, such as your bank, payment gateway, and credit card company. Payment Card Industry Security Standards CouncilIf you handle debit and credit cards in your business, learn about applying information security best practices.6.Legal requirements for e-businessIn general, all existing laws that apply to traditional commerce apply equally in an electronic environment. These include things like laws governing business incorporation, business name registration, taxation, consumer protection, deceptive advertising, importing/exporting, product safety, product standards, criminal code, inter-provincial trade treaties, intellectual property and liability. Your business, regardless of its size, must comply with the laws of any jurisdiction, both within and outside of Canada, where it is deemed to be conducting business.

Authenticity in John Steinbecks The Grapes of Wrath Essays

Authenticity in John Steinbecks The Grapes of Wrath Essays Authenticity in John Steinbecks The Grapes of Wrath Paper Authenticity in John Steinbecks The Grapes of Wrath Paper Essay Topic: The Grapes Of Wrath The Grapes of Wrath is a novel written by John Steinbeck. In the bulk of modern literature, it is consider a masterful epic unmatched in the realm of the written word. The novel centers around a family of workers who are immigrants The Joads. When the novel takes place they are in California attempting to survive the scarce conditions of the depression. Steinbeck monitors and recounts the ups and downs of the family and their experiences in United States. Much of the plot is Steinbecks commentary on the rampant capitalism which literary sucked the land and the people dry during the 1930s. The story is based on real life excerpts of John Steinbecks field research. The real life conflict was created by greedy business men, and lending institutions which bought up land and employed workers to farm. The majority of these workers were lower class immigrant families that were paid so little that their struggles have often been paralleled to that of slavery which plagued the United States in the 16th and 17th centuries. The old adage was particularly relevant when examining this novel, as the rich get richer, the poor end up dead worked to death. Steinbeck is not casual in his assault of capitalism and it not fearful to express his disgust for the supposed American dream. He has a clear political viewpoint and asserts: the great fact: when property accumulates in too few hands it is taken away. And that companion fact: when a majority of the people are hungry and cold they will take by force what they need. And the little screaming fact that sounds throughout all history: repression works only to strengthen and knit the repressed. (333). A major theme developed by Steinbeck in The Grapes of Wrath is his believe that the survive of the lower class is based on their dedication to family. His approach is a delicate mixture of Marxism and Socialism, both of which promote cooperative living. In the context of the time, Steinbecks beliefs were not just controversial but also dangerous. The United States went through a two periods in which the government hunted after individuals they considered unamerican, the 1920s and the 1950s. This novel was written in the the 1930s. However, Steinbeck intricately weaves a tale of family strife, struggle, and survival, in The Grapes of Wrath, which has become a beloved and honored classic since its publication. Steinbecks depiction of the devastating conditions during the 1930s is historically accurate. In particular, Steinbeck articulately describes what a Dust Bowl actually is and how it was created. He explains that the great plains experienced the greatest droughts ever during the great depression. The Dust Bowl was created due to lack of rain and also the over use of the land. Once pieces of land are over farmed they lose their nutrients and crops will not grow. These areas, once plush with grass and trees became â€Å"virtual deserts. † It was this drought which forced families, hungry and tired, to see out new hope in the west. The west promised folks clean and cheap living, and with access to regular work. Steinbeck describes the Dust Bowl in the following way, â€Å"The wind increased, steady, unbroken gusts. The dusts from the roads fluffed up and spread out and fell on the weeds besides the fields . . . the sky was darkened by the mixing dust, and the wind felt over the earth, loosened the dust, and carried it away. † For the people living in these devastated lands, this was a very accurate account as to what the â€Å"weather† was like for weeks and months.

Writing a Critical Analysis Essay for Everyone in Need

Writing a Critical Analysis Essay for Everyone in Need Writing a Critical Analysis Essay for Everyone in Need So, is this fuss all about writing a critical analysis essay? Then it is time to revisit your academic essay writing skills. You feel so unhappy that you do not even know where to start. We will give you a clue as to how you can easily cope with your academic assignment without killing yourself. Remember that you will need to follow the style of writing required by your professor and the academic institution. Be mindful of the instructions and requirements provided by your tutor. Critical Analysis Essay Writing Tips If you are lost or confused about writing a good analysis essay, then you may want to watch some YouTube video that teaches the basic writing skills. If you do it, it is quite likely that you will be able to solve your academic problems before it is too late. At the same time, do not forget two important things: To begin with, all these essays require students to do an in-depth analysis of the topic of their choice. Sometimes, you will have freedom to choose a topic; sometimes, your professor will give you one. It is not about telling people what you think. Rather, it is about evaluating the pros and cons of the topic using expert opinions and research evidence. Objectivity is everything when it comes to analysis essay writing. Your task is to inform the reader, no more, no less. Remember that the best critical analysis essays are absolutely objective and unbiased. In fact, the less your rely on your opinion, the more likely you are to produce a compelling argument and persuade the target audience to accept your viewpoint. The more objective you are, the better are your chances to accomplish your writing mission. Never ever use any first-person pronouns in critical essay writing. Forget about any "I's" or "we's" in this type of essay. This, however, is not the only thing that you will need to do to produce a brilliant critical analysis essay. If you follow our blog, you will find plenty of useful information to help you write a critical analysis paper that will boost your academic scores. Do not forget that there are many styles of papers and essays. Critical essay writing is just one of them. Consider the unique requirements provided by your professor, and follow them word for word! Generally, you will have to choose between two critical essay types analytical and argumentative. An argumentative research paper is where you use evidence to arg ue for some definite point or position. You use evidence to persuade your audience to accept your argumentation. An analytical research paper is a different thing because here you will have to explain and explore the topic, using your critical and analytical thinking skills. Objectivity is everything. You will have to gather evidence and present it to the reader, regardless of your personal opinion about it. Unlike an analytical paper, argumentative essay writing will give you power and authority. You will be at the center of all argumentative paper activities. You will accept some position. You will argue that it is the most relevant evidence-based position, as compared with others. However, even though argumentative papers give you voice, you should not sacrifice objectivity and logic. In an analytical research paper, you will not be allowed to share your opinions. You will have to rely on evidence only! Your task is to choose the most persuasive evidence that is relevant to your topic. You will have to be very critical selecting the best sources for your essay. Do not judge them. Just bring together different sides of the argument and share evidence with the reader. For example: You will never be allowed to write in your analytical essay, "Researchers have failed to provide valid evidence of the problem." Rather, you can say, "Thompson believes that other researchers have failed to produce persuasive evidence that the problem exists." Apparently, your readers will have a better perspective on your paper if you reference experts in the field, instead of articulating your opinion. Even if you strongly believe that researchers have failed to produce enough evidence to support the problem statement, it is better to reference an authoritative figure who expressed the same opinion. Do not forget another thing: when you are working on an analysis research paper, you will have to reference the most authoritative and respected figures in the field. This requires time and perseverance. Consider their credentials and achievements, and rely on their research findings to create a perfect analysis research paper. Now you see that argumentative and analytical research pape rs have many similarities. However, they are also different. Do not confuse them. Do not mix them. They are different types of essay writing, and you will need to accept this simple fact. Also, one more thing to consider: Imagine that you wake up at 4AM, and one of your classmates is calling you. You cannot understand what he is talking about, because his speech resembles an empty set of meaningless words. At first, he is asking you what book he could read to spare his sleepless time. Then he suddenly changes the topic and discusses one of his ex-girlfriends. What would you think? You would think that it is a nightmare, and you are dreaming. Or you may want to call the ER because you think that your friend is sick. This story tells how the lack of logic and consistency in academic writing can worsen your academic results. If you fail to follow simple logic when working on your analysis essay, it will be similar to your friend. As such, focus is everything when it comes to essay writing. No matter if you are working on an analytical or an argumentative essay, you will have to follow the basic essay structure: An introduction providing background information about your topic A body comprising several paragraphs, with facts and evidence to support your thesis statement A conclusion that wraps up the argument. Follow this format and outline for any paper that you are writing, in any subject of discipline. Your introduction and conclusion can be the most important parts of your analytical essay. However, do not think that they are the largest parts as well. Make sure that your introduction and conclusion are not too large to take most of your paper. Also, check twice because they should not be identical. You can paraphrase and summarize, but you cannot copy word for word. Imagine that your essay is a sandwich. The most important part is certainly the sausage. This is the body of your paper. Do not misunderstand it! Since the general structure is similar for all essays, you should make it a habit to follow it in all academic situations. You can find plenty of sources online that show how these components of an academic essay work together. Do not miss any of these components! Now that you are nearing the final remarks and want to finish your essay draft professionally, consider valuable tips below and be sure to follow them in writing. No matter what analysis essay topics you are to discuss in your paper, you will have to revise the initial draft over and over again. You are not a writing genius. You will need to check each and every word and sentence in your paper before you are ready to submit it for grading. However, it is always good to brainstorm different topics and make notes as you are working with literature. Then you will revise your draft several times before it is perfect. Ask for a feedback before it is too late. If you have doubts as to whether your analytical essay meets the requirements of your professor, you should ask for a feedback. You can ask anyone to read your paper and analyze its components. You can ask your friend or brother/sister to look into the draft of your work and provide a response. It is always better to have someone look at your paper with an unbiased eye. Do not even try to plagiarize. Everything you take from external resources must be properly cited and referenced in the body of your work. Do not be too wordy. Analytical paper writing is all about being brief and concise. It is not a personal narrative. Nor is it a fiction story. Brevity is the key to everything. Do not make your sentences too long. Do not make it too emotional. Present your thoughts in a consistent and organized format. Your readers should be interested. They should not be bored. Now it is time to translate these recommendations into a brilliant analytical or argumentative essay. Follow the spirit of academic writing and use our tips to produce a perfect essay. If you feel that it is still above your best talents, you can always ask for help from Writer-Elite.com. Talented writers with Master's and Ph.D. degrees from reputable institutions will be more than glad to give you a helping hand!

Russia - Egypt Relations Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Russia - Egypt Relations - Term Paper Example Russia and Egypt’s relationship is historically complex and has varied considerably along dimensions of cooperativeness throughout the past one hundred years based on global events that include regions like the Middle East, Europe, and the United States. Russia has traditionally seen Egypt as a strategic partner, connecting it to the Middle East for trade and regional influence, while Egypt has traditionally seen Russia as a key trading partner to secure wealth and military infrastructure. In that sense, the political interests of the two nations have generally been congruent. Exceptions to that have occurred with philosophical changes at the top of Egypt’s government – rather than due to changes with Russia – which is why the relationship is best understood from the perspective of who was in power in Egypt throughout the period. With that in mind, the modern Russia-Egypt relationship can be described in phases: the first phase representing a warm and open association with the Nasser regime, the second phase representing a cold and close association with the Sadat regime, and the third phase from Mubarak to today in which Russia is again treated as a close ally. The most helpful place to start with an examination of Russia-Egypt relations is to look at its historical foundation, which began as early as the 1500s and so not surprisingly, based in religion. At that time, the Orthodox Christian tradition was very strong within the Russian political landscape and would significantly influence Russia’s decision to get involved with Egypt’s religious and political affairs. Patriarch Joachim of Alexandria sent correspondence to Russian Czar Ivan IV for assistance to the Sinai Peninsula-based Saint Catherine’s Monastery, which had been contested by Turkish fighters1. In response, Ivan IV sent a Russian delegation to visit sites across Egypt. Since that showing of support, Russia continued to provide support for Egypt’s Christian population, which accounts for roughly one-tenth of Egypt’s total population as of 20102.  

Reflective Statement on Career Choosing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Reflective Statement on Career Choosing - Essay Example Body 1. Theories of career choice and the DOTS model of career decision-making Based on the DOTs model, there are four careers education tasks which have to be accomplished by the student in order to ensure the development of opportunity awareness, self awareness, decision learning, and transition learning. Opportunity awareness refers to the assistance given to students in order to enable understanding of the world they are going to enter, the various opportunities therein, the demands that this world shall make of them, and the rewards offered (Law and Watts, 2003). Self-awareness refers to the assistance given to students in order to give them a better sense of self as individuals with unique qualities. Decision learning refers to assistance offered to students to understand the various ways in which their decisions can be made. Finally, transition learning considers the assistance given to students in order to be more aware of the skills they would need to handle transitions they need to take as grownups (Law and Watts, 2003). In terms of opportunity awareness as a future early years teacher, the DOTs model prompts me to understand the work of an early years teacher and the different opportunities open to me in that field. I also need to reflect on the professional requisites this profession has in order to permit me future entry. I would also consider the different demands that teaching in the early years would bring as well as the rewards it would likely offer. It is also appropriate for me to contemplate on alternatives to teaching or social work based on my degree. In relation to self-awareness, I especially enjoy working with children and my joy in working with them also motivates me to consider this profession in the future. Experience in my current work has also given me the chance to experience teaching children and such experience has motivated me further in contemplating teaching in the early years. In terms of transition learning, I was able to l earn during the semester about writing personal statements, as well as gaining interview skills. I was able to use these skills in taking into account what happens in assessment centres and details to indicate in application letters. 2). The professional and professionalism: Professions are those which consider the kinds of occupation which are understood to mean ‘professions.’ There may be major and minor professions or primary and secondary professions and the major professions are those which include business management, with primary professions including senior military officers, police chiefs, judges, and teachers and professors (Lester, 2007). Medicine and law are usually counted as professions as well, including architects, engineers, dentists, teachers, accountants, and veterinarians. Professionals have an implied expertise and knowledge of their professions; and he is also one who commits to the principles of the profession, as well as autonomous thought and ju dgment (Lester, 2007). Professions are also usually recognized by professional bodies as experts in some field of study or skill unique and distinct to their field of practice. Some occupations may be considered professions based on the perspective taken on the subject matter. It is not necessary for a profession to have a professional body. However, such

PHILOSOPHY OF MINISTRY PAPER Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

PHILOSOPHY OF MINISTRY - Research Paper Example Therefore, this basis directs the thesis that the church as an organization evolution today is deviating from the core purpose and failing as the expectation of Christ would be2. The organization structures, the leadership and pastors’ role in the church, in addition to the family involvements, and challenges in the ministry are causes to the deviation evident today. The ultimate calling of the pastor originates from their intimacy with Jesus Christ, the spirit and the Father. To the pastor, their source of joy, faithfulness and fruitfulness draws from their obedience in Lord Jesus Christ. The exemplary leadership of Jesus to the church remains he mentor to the establishments of pastors’ foundations. Christ in his leadership example, teachings and living, he commanded respect from his foundation of taking the yoke and doing the will of the father3. Therefore, this realistic example of leadership is what defines the expectation of the role of pastor in leading the congregation. The ministry philosophy edges from the commandment of love, in which Christ showed his example by taking the yoke of the sinners because he loved them. When the pastor accepts the responsibility to the call, to lead people, they acknowledge the expectation to take the yoke of the people, and live in ramification of the love Christ4. Therefore, a pastor’s life is more that what we see on every Sunday morning at the cathedral gatherings. For a pastor, the ability to see beyond the personal needs and expectations of oneself and into the heart of others develops a Christ-like image within the pastor. Therefore, to achieve a successful relationship with Christ, and live an exemplary life imitating the imagery of Christ, love must abide within the heart of a pastor. It is a choice that pastors must make, to love and help others as they lead them. When a person accepts the calling to pastor, he gives the

Structural Engineering Centrifugal Pump Test Laboratory Engineering Essay

Structural Engineering Centrifugal Pump Test Laboratory Engineering Essay This report examines the centrifugal pump. Firstly by examining the system head characteristic, then by examining the effects varying the motor speed has on a single pump. Finally the report examines and compares the use of two pumps in series and then in parallel. Theoretically examination of the system head characteristic should yield a graph of system head against volume flowrate which is curved, the curve should begin above zero from the y axis, due to static lift. Theoretically examination of the effect of varying motor speed across a system of a single pump should show that higher motor speeds lead to higher efficiency in the pump system along with larger changes of power across the system, and a larger drop in head values. Finally comparison of a system with two pumps used in series and in parallel should show that the method used will not have an effect on the efficiency of the system. However it should also show that the system in series has twice the head values of that in parallel and that the system in parallel has twice the volume flowrate values of the system in series. Overall they should have the same Mass flow. Upon comparison of the results obtained with theory, it is evident that for the most part, the experimental results agree with theory. Any minor disagreements between theory and experimentation will be explained in the discussions and conclusions section of this report. This report serves to display knowledge and understanding of the operation of a centrifugal pump gained from completion of the experiment. Introduction The purpose of this laboratory is to study the operation and performance of a centrifugal pump. Centrifugal pumps are an example of a fluid machine. Fluid machines are devices that transfer energy to or from a fluid. Fluid machines include pumps, fans and compressors. This experiment deals with a pump. Pumps are devices used to move gases or liquids from lower to higher pressure. The difference in pressure is overcome by adding energy to the system. Specifically, centrifugal pumps operate by converting rotational kinetic energy into hydro dynamic energy. The rotational energy is typically supplied by an engine or electric motor or turbine. Centrifugal Pumps are an important machine to study from an engineering point of view as they are very widely used as a means of delivering liquids. Centrifugal pumps are used in fields such as sewage, petroleum and petrochemical pumping. For the purpose of this report the centrifugal pump was studied in terms of its performance when a single pump was used and also when two pumps were used (both in series and in parallel). The purpose being to highlight the effects this had on results. The system characteristic was also investigated. The overall purpose of this experiment is to give a better understanding and insight into how this fluid machine works. Below is an image of a centrifugal pump. A greater insight into how it operates and an explanation of the function of the various parts will be provided later in the report. http://www.pumpfundamentals.com/images/closed_impeller.gif Figure 1 Centrifugal Pump Diagram 1 Objectives The primary aim of this laboratory is to gain a better understanding of pumps, in particular the centrifugal pump. Insight is gained into the principles of operation of a centrifugal pump and the process through which a pump transfers energy to a fluid system. There are three parts to this experiment: To determine the system characteristic for the fluid system on which the pump operates. To determine the performance of a single pump relative to motor speed. To determine (for a fixed motor speed) the performance of two centrifugal pumps; Operating in series (ii) Operating in parallel Theory Basic theory and workings of Centrifugal pump As previously stated, the principle operation of a centrifugal pump  is to convert fluid velocity into pressure energy.  The pump is made up of three components; the inlet duct, the  impeller, and the volute. http://htmlimg2.scribdassets.com/4sp8x32v9cejngi/images/4-dd8b7539b4.jpg Figure 2: Centrifugal Pump Diagram 2 Fluid enters the inlet duct (D).  As the shaft (A) rotates, the impeller (B), which is connected to the shaft, also  rotates.  The impeller consists  of a number of blades  that  project the fluid outward when rotating.  This centrifugal force gives the fluid a high velocity.  Next, the moving fluid passes  through the pump case (C)  and then into the volute (E).  The volute chamber  has a uniformly increasing area.  This increasing  area decreases the fluids  velocity, which converts the  velocity energy into pressure energy. 2 Determining the System Characteristic The first step of the experiment is to identify the system characteristic of the pump. When a pump is fitted in a system, it is tested so as to ensure that the volume flow-rate and head of the pump are within required specifications. The Volume flow rate can be defined as the volume of the fluid that passes through a given surface per unit time, and the head of the pump is a measure of the fluid energy. In order to do this we must find the pump head and the volume flow rate. We then plot the pump head (expressed in metres) against the volume flow rate (expressed in m3/s). This should yield a curve. The system head characteristic is dependent on static lift which is associated with change in elevation of the fluid, contraction or expansion of the fluid associated with acceleration and deceleration of the fluid, and the losses within the system. Below is a theoretical graph, showing how the curve should appear. http://www.climatechange.gov.au/what-you-need-to-know/appliances-and-equipment/electric-motors/system-optimisation/optimising-pump-and-fan-applications/~/media/Images/electric-motor/system-curve.ashx?w=447h=324as=1 Example graph for system head characteristic3 When a pump is attached to a system the operating point occurs when the pump head hpump equals the system head hsystem. The optimum operating conditions occur when the required duty point of head and flow intersects the operating point and the design point, the point of maximum efficiency. Single Centrifugal Pump Characteristics The next aspect of the experiment is to determine the performance of a single pump as a function of motor speed. The performance of a pump is generally mapped by plotting pump head (hpump), electrical power (Pelectrical) and pump efficiency (ÃŽÂ ·pump) as a function of the volume flow rate Q through the pump. The use of a single pump is investigated for three different motor speeds, measuring the effect varying the motor speed has on pump head, electrical power and efficiency. These values are then plotted on a graph against the volume flow rate. Theoretically; Higher speeds yield higher efficiency Higher motor speeds lead to a larger change in power across the system. Higher motor speeds yield higher head values (expressed in metres). Double Centrifugal Pump Characteristics The final aspect of this experiment is the investigation of the effects of the use of two centrifugal pumps on the system. The pumps are placed in series and then in parallel. Both systems, i.e. the pump system which is in series and that which is in parallel are set to the same motor speed. In both cases head, electrical power and efficiency are measured and plotted against volume flow rate. The graph for the system in series can then be compared to the graph for the system in parallel, in order to study and compare the different systems. Centrifugal pumps both in series are used to overcome larger system head loss than one pump can handle alone, whereas centrifugal pumps in parallel are used to overcome larger volume flows than one pump can handle alone.4 When running in series, the heads are added and the total capacity is equal to that of the pump with the smallest capacity, whereas in parallel, the capacities of the pumps are added, and the head of all pumps will be equal at the point where the discharged liquids recombine.5 Theoretically whether the system is in series or in parallel shouldnt affect the efficiency of the system. Experimental Methods Equipment Used- The primary piece of equipment used was the centrifugal pump, a detailed explanation of its operation can be found in the theory section of this report (see page 6). We also use a differential pressure transducer, which is a type of pressure sensor. We use a computer to measure and record data. Methods- System Head Characteristic Open valve V1 and close valve V2 located in the inlet pipelines to pumps 1 and 2. Close valve V3 which connects the outlet pipeline from pump 1 to the inlet pipeline to pump 2 Open valve V4 located in the outlet pipeline from pump 1. Open the discharge valve V5 to approximately 75% of its fully opened position. Disconnect the low pressure line connecting differential pressure transducer to upstream of pump 1. Record the motor speed, the discharge volume flow rate, the pressure measured by the differential pressure transducer and the system head. Increase the speed of motor 1 incrementally, at each increment repeat the above step and continue to do so until the motor speed had reached its maximum. Plot the system head characteristic against volume flow rate. Single Pump Open valve V1 and close valve V2 located in the inlet pipelines to pumps 1 and 2. Close valve V3 connecting the outlet pipeline from pump 1 to the inlet pipeline to pump 2 Open valve V4 located in the outlet pipeline from pump 1. Close fully the discharge valve V5. Set the speed of the motor connected to pump 1 using the motor speed controller to 45 Hz Record the Volume flowrate Q, the pump head hp, the electrical power consumed Pelectrical and the pump efficiency ÃŽÂ ·pump. Open valve V5 incrementally, at each increment repeating the above step and continuing until the valve is fully opened. Plot pump head, electrical power and efficiency against volume flow rate Q at that motor speed. Repeat the procedure for motor speeds of 35 and 40Hz. Double Pump In Series Open valve V1 and close valve V2 located in the inlet pipelines to pumps 1 and 2. Open valve V3 connecting the outlet pipeline from pump 1 to the inlet pipeline to pump 2. Close valve V4 located in the outlet pipeline from pump 1. Close fully the discharge valve V5. Set the speed of the both motors connected to pump 1 2 to 45 Hz using the motor speed controller. Record the volume flowrate Q, the pump head hp, the electrical power consumed Pelectrical and the pump efficiency ÃŽÂ ·pump. Open valve V5 incrementally, at each increment repeating the above step and continuing until the valve is fully opened. Plot pump head, electrical power and efficiency against volume flow rate Q at that motor speed. In Parallel Open valve V1 and close valve V2 located in the inlet pipelines to pumps 1 and 2. Open valve V3 connecting the outlet pipeline from pump 1 to the inlet pipeline to pump 2. Close valve V4 located in the outlet pipeline from pump 1. Close fully the discharge valve V5. Set the speed of the both motors connected to pump 1 2 to 45 Hz using the motor speed controller. Record the volume flowrate Q, the pump head hp, the electrical power consumed Pelectrical and the pump efficiency ÃŽÂ ·pump. Open valve V5 incrementally, at each increment repeating the above step and continuing until the valve is fully opened. Plot pump head, electrical power and efficiency against volume flow rate Q at that motor speed. Experimental Results System characteristic for the fluid system Below is the table of results for the determination of the system characteristic for the fluid system; Motor speed N (Hz) Vol FlowrateQ(m3/s) à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  Psystem Pa Hsystem (m) 14 0 0.716 0.123333 21 0.188667 3.223 0.376667 25 0.368333 4.296667 0.486667 32 0.477667 6.911 0.753333 35 0.545667 8.450667 0.91 39 0.647667 10.06167 1.073333 42 0.714 12.71167 1.346667 47 0.796333 14.93167 1.573333 The graph for the system characteristic (Hsystem against Volume flowrate) is below: Graph 1 (System Characteristic) Single Pump Test Single Pump Test for Motor Speed 45 Hz- Below is the table of results for the single pump test at a motor speed of 45Hz; Vol Flowrate Q(m3/s) Head (m) Efficiency % Power W 0 8.786667 0 109.9433 0 8.443333 0 109.05 0 7.116667 0 116.8633 0 6.98 0 130.5333 0 7.306667 0 163.25 0.246333 7.32 9.7 181.8867 0.332667 7.186667 11.9 197.02 0.427333 7.016667 14.3 205.6467 0.537 6.833333 15.93333 226.0733 0.619667 6.38 16.53333 234.2133 0.738333 5.876667 17.1 249.1867 0.781333 5.703333 16.76667 260.4133 The corresponding graphs for the single pump test at motor speed 45Hz are below; Total Motor Power (W) Single Pump Test for Motor Speed 40Hz- Below is the table of results for the single pump test at a motor speed of 40 Hz; Vol Flowrate Q(m3/s) Head (m) Efficiency % Power W 0 6.251868 0 128.0131 0.376333 5.406667 10.96667 178.8733 0.55 5.19 13.4 208.5767 0.675 4.706667 13.7 226.7267 0.7335 4.525 13.7 237.915 The corresponding graphs for the single pump test at motor speed 40Hz are below; Total Motor Power (W) Single Pump Test for Motor Speed 35 Hz- Below is the table of results for the single pump test at a motor speed of 35 Hz; Vol Flowrate Q(m3/s) Head (m) Efficiency % Power W 0.054 4.722434 1.633333 118.0014 0.305667 4.276667 7.066667 170.9 0.592 3.65 9.666667 218.18 0.632333 3.546667 9.666667 226.3167 0.630333 3.343333 9.166667 225.1767 The corresponding graphs for the single pump test at motor speed 35Hz are below; Total Motor Power (W) Double Pump Test System in series- Below are the results of the double pump test for a system in series- Vol Flowrate Q(m3/s) Head (m) Efficiency % Power Motor 1 (W Power Motor 2 (W) Total Motor Power (W) 0 18.21333 0 109.2933 55.99 165.2833 0 15.38 0 128.4167 54.69 183.1067 0.255667 14.80333 15.16667 181.3167 62.82667 244.1433 0.43 14.38667 23.5 201.0067 57.37 258.3767 0.537667 13.70667 26.7 218.67 51.43 270.1 0.618667 13.08 26.86667 240.3967 54.44333 294.84 0.730333 11.65 26.96667 256.1867 52.89667 309.0833 0.852667 9.826667 25.06667 272.6233 54.68667 327.31 0.883333 9.863333 25.16667 278.16 60.62667 338.7867 The corresponding graphs for the double pump test for a system in series are below; Total Motor Speed (W) System in parallel- Below is the table of results for the double pump test for a system in parallel; Volume Flowrate Q (m3/s) Head (m) Efficiency (%) Motor Power 1 (W) Motor Power 2 (W) Total Motor Power (W) 0 9.19667 0 111.327 63.8833 175.21 0.277 7.6 11 134.847 52.49 187.3367 0.47167 7.67 17.3 144.773 60.1367 204.91 0.598 7.41667 20.1333 152.917 62.7467 215.6634 0.72033 7.33667 22.8333 165.443 61.28 226.7233 0.83633 7.39667 27 171.06 53.3867 224.4467 0.97033 7.11667 27.7 191.243 52.7333 243.9766 1.11633 6.85 28.3667 201.337 62.7433 264.08 1.29767 6.70667 31.9667 210.613 56.2367 266.85 1.37667 6.33 29.9667 228.597 55.6633 284.26 1.554 6.02667 30.9 241.21 59.4867 300.6967 1.63033 5.73 30 244.14 60.7933 304.9333 The corresponding graphs for the double pump test for a system in parallel are below; Total Motor Power (W) Discussion Conclusions This section of the report contains a discussion of the results obtained along with conclusions drawn from said results and also where necessary, comments regarding any unexpected values. System Head Characteristic The first part of the experiment was conducted in order to attain a system head characteristic curve. Volume flowrate, measured in m3/s, was mapped against Head, which is measured in metres. We would expect this to yield a smooth curve starting above the zero mark form the y- axis, in order to allow for static lift in the pump system. As expected the system head characteristic was found to be a curve, starting slightly above the zero mark on the y axis, therefore for the most part, results were conclusive with theory. However there is one discrepancy between expected results and the actual results obtained, as the curve is not entirely smooth. Some possible reasons for the slightly irregular shape of the curve are; Single Pump Test The second part of this experiment was to investigate the effect changing motor speed has on a pump. In order to conduct this investigation pump head (hpump), electrical power (Pelectrical), pump efficiency (ÃŽÂ ·pump) and volume flowrate (Q) were measured for a variety of motor speeds. Then hpump, Pelectrical and ÃŽÂ ·pump were mapped against Q for each motor speed. The reason for this being to highlight the effects changing motor speed has on the centrifugal pump system. We expect firstly that higher motor speeds yield higher efficiency, secondly that higher motor speeds lead to a larger change in power across the system and finally that higher motor speeds yield higher head values. Upon studying the results of the experiment we can see that they match up with theory. Efficiency- Theory- Efficiency, simply put, refers to how well a pump can convert one form of energy into another. In this case how well the pump converts rotational kinetic energy into hydrodynamic energy. The overall efficiency of a centrifugal pump is defined as the ratio of the water (output) power to the shaft (input) power. By increasing the speed at which the motor rotates the shaft, the shafts power is increased, therefore the value of efficiency is increased. Results- Higher motor speeds did in the case of this experiment did yield higher values for efficiency. For a motor speed of 45 Hz the highest efficiency value obtained was approximately 16.7%, for a motor speed of 40Hz Hz the highest efficiency value obtained was approximately 13.7% and finally for the lowest motor speed used, 35Hz, highest efficiency was approximately 9.16%. Power Change- Theory- Power can be defined as a work/time ratio. The work in the case of this experiment is the rotation of the shaft by the motor, which in turn creates a centrifugal force in the water. For a faster motor speed, the shaft rotates faster, meaning that more work is done per unit time. This means a greater rise in the power value. Results- In this experiment, as expected, higher motor speeds yielded larger changes in power across the system. For a motor speed of 45 Hz the rise in power in across the system was approximately 150.47 watts. For a motor speed of 40 Hz the rise in power in across the system was approximately 109.9 watts. Finally, for the lowest motor speed used, 35 Hz, the change in power in across the system was approximately 107.18 watts. Head- Theory- Head is the height at which a pump can raise water up. The higher the value of pressure, the higher the value of head will be. Since raising rotational speed strongly affects pressure loss of a fluid, we can see that it also affects head loss.    Results- In this experiment, as expected, higher motor speeds lead to a greater loss in head (measured in metres) across the system. For a motor speed of 45 Hz the drop in head across the system was approximately 3.09 metres. For a motor speed of 40 Hz drop in head across the system was approximately 1.727 metres. Finally, for the lowest motor speed used, 35 Hz, drop in head across the system was approximately 1.38 metres. Double Pump Test The final part of the experiment was to investigate (for a fixed motor speed); the performance of two centrifugal pumps; firstly operating in series and secondly operating in parallel. The two results for the system in series and for the system in parallel could then be compared. In order to conduct this investigation pump head (hpump), electrical power (Pelectrical), pump efficiency (ÃŽÂ ·pump) and volume flowrate (Q) were measured, firstly for the system in series and secondly for the system in parallel. Theoretically, when both systems are set at the same motor speed, the pump in series should have twice the Head value of the system in parallel, whereas the system in parallel should have twice the volume flowrate of the system in series. Meaning that both systems end up with the same mass flow. Whether the pumps are in series or in parallel should have no effect on the efficiency of the system. Head- Theory- Results- As expected the system in series has approximately twice the head value of the system in parallel. (Series18.22m: Parallel 9.2m) Volume Flowrate- Theory- Results- As expected the system in parallel has approximately twice the volume flowrate value of the system in series. (Series 0.883 : Parallel 1.63) Mass Flow- Theory- Results- Efficiency- Theory- Results-

Behind the Scenes of the County Jail :: Journalism Essays

Behind the Scenes of the County Jail Someone, suspected of a crime, is arrested by police. Later on, the suspect goes to court to face their charges. A classic episode of Law & Order. But, where do these suspects go in between the two events. They are held in their local jail of course. While people are familiar with the arrest and courtroom scenes from TV, many are unfamiliar with the jail scene, which becomes home to the suspects who cannot make bail until a court rules a verdict for their case. So, let’s expand a Law & Order episode, and place the scene at the County Jail, located at 100 W. Washington St., Muncie. A suspect has been arrested, and is taken to jail. Upon arrival, the suspect will be given an orange jumpsuit, underwear, t-shirt, socks, and shoes without laces to wear, and a mattress pad for their bed, all jail issued. The suspect will be handcuffed and shackled for any movement he will make within the facility before he is placed in his cell. The suspect receives an arm bracelet with a picture of himself to be worn at all times as identification. They can make a call for bail, and if they cannot get the money, the jail becomes their new home. The process listed is standard for many booking procedures. It is not very exciting, which is probably why the process is left out of TV dramas. However, there is a lot of important work done behind-the-scenes to keep inmates in their place, and keep officers safe. Captain Earl Davis of the County Police Department is in charge of the county jail. Davis said that the jail has an elaborate locked door system. When one door in a hallway of two or more doors is opened, all of the other doors are locked until the open door is shut. The system, Davis said, is to prevent any prisoner from escaping. Each door is opened by a person in an operating room, and each officer who enters through a door must receive clearance from that operator. County Jail is equipped to hold 221 prisoners, each who must eat three times a day, and have an hour outside for recreation.